LIBERTA/LIBERTO (formerly enslaved but freed) ----- AND ----- ENSLAVED

LIBERTO/LIBERTA (formerly enslaved but now free).

A "Liberto" / Liberta is a person who was formerly enslaved but is now free.  Some Liberto have surnames.  Often the document will show the former enslaver's name.  

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*****    Formerly owned by Antonio Rodrigues de Carvalho

 Jose Sena was b. 1821 in GUINE,     *****      doRObits1890-91, 41/3, Jose "Liberto" died on 1/4/1891 at 70y, he appears to have been the property of & freed by Antonio Rodrigues de Carvalho.

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*****     Formerly enslaved by Pedro Rodrigues de Castro  --

*****     Formerly owned by Arsenio Daniel Fermino: 

Narcisa Maria da Conceicao was b. in GUINE but lived in Sao Nicolau (SN)     *****      do RObits 1890 - 93.  43/7 - On 2/11/1891, Narcisa died at 49y, single, formerly enslaved by Arsenio Daniel Fermino.    

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*****     Formerly enslaved by Carlos Fermino -   doRObits1855-65 - 101/  On 1/1/1865, Maria Joze ?Poderozo? of GUINE died, LIBERTA de Carlos Fermino.

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*****    Formerly enslaved by Julia Maria Leite Fermino:

Joao Jose da Costa,     *****      do RObits (edit for years of volume), 144/79, On 8/22/1889, Joao Jose da Costa died at 60y, formerly enslaved by Julia Maria Leite Fermino.

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*****      Fomerly owned by Antonio Lopes da Silva: 

Rosa Sabina Lopes was b. in 1808,     *****      doRObits (edit for volume years), 111/42, On 5/22/1888, Rosa Sabina Lopes died at 80y, "Liberta" & formerly enslaved by Antonio Lopes da Silva. 

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*****     Formerly owned by Maria do Carmo Marques:

Anna - Liberta de Maria do Carmo Marques - doRBaps1842-52 - 214/  On 12/26/1848, Jose was bap, b. s/o Anna, Liberta de Maria do Carmo Marques, gods - Joao Lopes de Almeida & Clara Maria Almeida, w/o Francisco Simao Ramos.  .  

ANNA - doRObits1855-65  10/ - On 9/27/1855, Anna died - LIBERTA de Maria do Carmo Marques; 

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*****     Formerly owned by Pedro de Freitas Machado da Miranda

Joao de Deus  -- doRObits1865-73 - 4/-  On 9/61865, Joao de Deus died at 40y, LIBERTO de Pedro de Freitas Machado da Miranda. 

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*****     Formerly owned by Maria das Neves

Felippa Maria das Neves of GUINE,      doRObits1890-3  55/73 -  On 8/4/1891, Felippa Maria das Neves of GUINE died, LIBERTA de Maria das Neves (formerly enslaved but liberated/freed before her death).  

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*****    Formerly owned by Margarida Cartona de Oliveira

 
Jose Miguel Soares died on 8/1/1874 at 36y, he was a "Liberto" & formerly enslaved by Margarida Cartona de Oliveira.  doRObits1874 -76 (Boa Vista tab).  9/, record 34.  

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*****     Formerly owned by Antonio Roberto da Silva:   

Carlotta   *****      doRObits1855-65 - child of Carlotta died, gods - Manoel P. Ramos & Ermelinda Maria de Jesus of Sao Nicolau  but they lived in BOA VISTA, in the baptism the child was freed by Antonio Roberto da Silva.  ==========================================================================

*****    Owners not designated: 

Ingracia Micaella Liberta was b. 1806 in SANTO ANTAO.  It is not clear if her surname is Liberta b/c she was enslaved but had been freed by the time of her death (much like US enslaved would sometimes take the name Freeman) or if that was just her last name.  I believe the first explanation to be the correct one.   *****     Santo Antao (SA), do RObits1869-79.  13/-, On 4/7/1870, She died at 64y.

Maria Micaela -  Wife of Inacio Fernandes Domingos    *****     Santo Antonio das Pombas -  Obits1879-89 64/ - On 1/1882, Maria Micaela died at 50y, LIBERTA, w/o Inacio Fernandes Domingos.

Theodora was b. in GUINE.  Her date of birth is not known but probably 1791.  There are two records for her death.      *****      doRObits1890-93  21/36 & Obits1883-90, she died on 7/13/1890 at more or less 99y, she was "natural de GUINE, Portugueza".  The record does not give a surname or who she was owned or freed by. 

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ENSLAVED 

Sao Vicente:

(1)  Maria Crato & Balbina Crato.   Sao Vicente da LuzObits 1851,  4/ , enslaved by Jose Xavier Crato.  On 5/20/1854, Maria, child of Balbina Crato died at 1y.  "Escrava de Jose Xavier Crato".  

(2)  Ferreira.  Sao Vicente daLuzObits 1851, First name is unintelligible but looks like (Ital lloi) Ferreira of BOA VISTA died at 44y, escravo de/enslaved by Julio Candido Ferreira.  

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Sao Nicolau:

*****     Enslaved by (Dona) Julia Maria Leite de Pina: 

Ignacia  --- doRObits1855-65 - On 11/13/1865, Julio died at 8 y, s/o Ignacia, ENSLAVED by (Dona) Julia Maria Leite de Pina.  

Maria  Enslaved by (Dona) Julia Maria Leite de Pina - Mother of Francisca (b. 10/1864, d. 10/14/1864 at 6 days),     *****     doRObits1855-65 - 94/- On 10/14/1864, Francisca died at 6 days, d/o Maria, who was enslaved by Dona Julia Maria Leite de Pina.  

*****   Enslaved by Pedro Rodrigues de Castro -     doRObits1855-65 - 79/-  On 12/16/1862, an infant was bap in case of emergency but died, d/o Carlotta, ENSLAVED by Pedro Rodrigues de Castro.  

*****  Enslaved by ????? 

Maria Piedade Delfino & Delfina Maria da Piedade & Nicolau. doRBaps 1864-66,  3/, On XXXX, Nicolau was bap, b 3/28/1864, s/o Maria Piedade Delfino, enslaved by/escrava de, grandson of Delfina Maria de Piedade, gods -  Nicolau Francisco da Rosa, single, & Maria Luzia Silva, single. 

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Santo Antao: 

(1)  Maria  - SA - Santo Antonio das Pombas - Obits - 1842-52 - 47/ On 9/19/1851, Maria died at 45y, enslaved by Maria Egipciaca. ??? (Is this Engracia?)    

(2)  Manoel da Luz -  Santo Antonio das Pombas -Obits 1842-52  38/  On 5/3/1857, Manoel da Luz died at 40y, enslaved by Leopoldo Jose de Barros.    

(3)  Micaela - Santo Antonio das Pombas - Obits 1853 - 57 - 30/ On 11/9/1855, Micaela died at 24y, fell from a rock, enslaved by Joaquim Jose Oliveira.  

(4)  Luis Ferreira  -  Santo Antonio das Pombas - Obits 1853 - 57 - 11/ On 11/25/1853, Luis Ferreira died at 15y, enslaved by Julio Candido Martins.